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Evaluating states, describing characteristics, and expressing tendencies
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Used to praise someone or something, indicating that the high quality or positive result is exactly what one would expect from the effort or reputation mentioned.
Common mistakes
Used to express that something is covered with or contains a lot of undesirable things like mud, mistakes, or blood. It always has a negative connotation.
Common mistakes
Indicates that the current situation is so extreme or busy that the action mentioned is completely impossible or out of the question.
Common mistakes
Describes the outward appearance or atmosphere of someone, typically related to their emotions. It is a more literary or formal way to say 'sou' (looks like).
Common mistakes
1. Used after V-ta to mean 'since that action, no change has occurred.' 2. Used after a noun to mean 'only' (similar to 'dake' but more emphatic about the limit).
Common mistakes
Indicates that something is starting to take on the characteristics or the feel of a certain state or season. Commonly used with seasons or abstract nouns.
Common mistakes
Used when something is surprising based on a specific, concrete fact or number. Unlike 'warini', it usually follows specific quantities, names, or individual cases.
Common mistakes
Indicates that an action is left unfinished or a state is left as it is, often with a negative nuance of negligence. It can also mean doing a single action for a long time.
Common mistakes
1. Describes a quality that is similar to something else. 2. Indicates a tendency to do something frequently (e.g., forgetful). Often used for casual, subjective impressions.
Common mistakes
Used to describe a level or quantity as being 'roughly at that point' or 'at most.' It often implies that the amount is not particularly high or significant.
Common mistakes
Expresses that a result or state is unexpected given the general standard mentioned. It implies a sense of surprise at the gap between expectation and reality.
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on these 11 grammar patterns and track which ones you need to review most.