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Expressing uncontrollable emotions, feelings, and impulses
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Used to express an exclamation of strong emotion, often combined with words like 'dore dake', 'nani do', or 'ikani'. It emphasizes the depth of feeling.
Common mistakes
Expresses that someone performs an action without worrying about something that would usually bother or stop them (like public eyes, rain, or cost). It implies a surprising or bold lack of concern.
Common mistakes
Used to express a strong internal urge or emotion that cannot be suppressed. The subject is usually the speaker, or someone the speaker deeply empathizes with. Form: する → しないではいられない.
Common mistakes
Used when doing an action with a specific concentrated feeling, such as love, gratitude, or a prayer. The feeling is 'poured' into the action.
Common mistakes
Expresses that a state is so extreme that it cannot be described in words. Often used for both very positive and very negative emotional states.
Common mistakes
A more formal and literary version of ～ないではいられない. It indicates a natural overflow of emotion or a physical reaction that cannot be controlled. Form: する → せずにはいられない.
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
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