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Expressing worthiness, possibility, and logical judgment
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
A very formal expression indicating total impossibility under the circumstances. Often used with verbs like 望む (hope), 知る (know), or 比べる (compare).
Common mistakes
Expresses that a result was inevitable because the necessary causes or efforts were present. The same verb is typically repeated in the dictionary form then the past tense.
Common mistakes
Indicates that something is so obvious or simple that performing the action is unnecessary. Usually follows verbs related to communication or confirmation like 言う, 調べる, or 確認する.
Common mistakes
A formal expression meaning that one can easily infer or imagine a situation or someone's feelings. Almost exclusively used with verbs like 想像する (imagine), 察する (surmise), or 理解する (understand).
Common mistakes
Indicates that an object has a high enough quality to withstand appreciation or critical examination. Frequently used as 鑑賞に堪える (worth watching) or 批判に堪える (can withstand criticism).
Common mistakes
Used to indicate that something has enough value, quality, or credibility to deserve a specific action. Common collocations include 信頼に足る (trustworthy) and 検討に足る (worthy of consideration).
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
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