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Expressing causes, reasons, and special circumstances
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Emphasizes that a specific reason is the sole or primary cause for a result. It is often used to clarify that a seemingly negative action (like strictness) stems from a positive intention.
Common mistakes
A very formal and polite way to explain a reason, often used when apologizing for a mistake or requesting understanding for a situation. It implies 'since it is [condition], please forgive/understand'.
Common mistakes
Used to describe a situation where a special event or condition leads to an expected state of affairs (often excitement or crowding). Common in news reports and descriptions.
Common mistakes
Indicates the social, economic, or historical context behind a current trend or development. It is used to explain why something is happening on a large scale.
Common mistakes
A formal, literary expression used to indicate a cause or reason. When used with nouns, 'ga' is often inserted (e.g., 'zennin ga yuen ni'). It suggests a logical, inevitable, or inherent consequence.
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on these 5 grammar patterns and track which ones you need to review most.