Search pages and navigate
Expressing contrast, unexpected outcomes, and concession
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Expresses regret, criticism, or lamentation about a result that contradicts expectations. Usually follows a hypothetical condition (ba/tara) to say 'it would have been X, but instead it's Y'.
Common mistakes
A highly formal expression indicating that even a person/entity in a high position or a certain situation is not an exception. Similar to 'de atte mo'.
Common mistakes
Used to establish a hypothetical or extreme condition to state that a certain principle still applies. Frequently used with 'tatoe' (even if) or 'ikani' (how much).
Common mistakes
Used when the speaker expects one outcome, but is surprised by a sudden, opposite development. Emphasizes the speaker's surprise.
Common mistakes
Acknowledges the preceding statement as a fact but introduces a contrasting point or a qualification. Used to prevent the reader from making an overgeneralized assumption based on the first fact.
Common mistakes
Used to describe a state or action that is interrupted or affected by another event. Often used in formal apologies or gratitude to acknowledge someone's inconvenience (e.g., 'despite being busy').
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on these 6 grammar patterns and track which ones you need to review most.