N14 patterns

N1 Grammar: Emotion and Sincerity

Expressing deep emotions, sincerity, and uncontrollable feelings

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4 points

Every N1 emotion and sincerity pattern

What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.

N / V-る + に堪えないCannot bear; unbearable; worth doing (in the negative sense)

Has two main uses: 1) Expressing a strong emotion (gratitude, regret) that is so deep it cannot be suppressed. 2) Indicating that something is too terrible to look at or listen to (unbearable).

Common mistakes

Confusing with ～にたえる, which means 'is worth doing' or 'can handle'
Confusing with ～に足りない (not worth/sufficient)
Using in casual conversation; it is strictly for formal speeches or writing

Full N / V-る + に堪えない guide

N + を禁じ得ないCannot help but feel; cannot suppress

Used when a specific emotion (anger, sympathy, surprise, tears) arises naturally and strongly in response to a situation. It is a formal, written expression.

Common mistakes

Using the passive form ～を禁じられない incorrectly
Using with actions instead of nouns representing emotions
Confusing with ～を禁じている (forbidden)

Full N + を禁じ得ない guide

V-て + はばからないUnhesitatingly; have the audacity to

Indicates that someone does or says something bold, shocking, or controversial without any hesitation or fear of criticism. Often implies the person is shameless or has extreme confidence.

Common mistakes

Misinterpreting the negative ending as 'hesitate' (double negative logic)
Using with polite or common daily actions
Confusing with ～てはならない (must not)

Full V-て + はばからない guide

V-て + やまないAlways; sincerely

Used to express a strong, continuous feeling that originates from the heart. It is a formal, literary expression typically used with verbs of emotion like 祈る, 願う, 期待する, or 後悔する.

Common mistakes

Confusing with ～てならない (cannot help but), which describes a physical or spontaneous feeling rather than a continuous willed emotion
Using with short-term or trivial actions
Incorrectly using with non-emotional verbs

Full V-て + やまない guide

Other N1 Grammar Categories

Time and Sequence Range and Limits Addition and Exclusion Evaluation and Standard State and Appearance Contrast and Comparison Cause and Reason Emphasis and Degree Determination and Choice Judgment and Possibility Prohibition and Obligation Point of View and Standards Method and Basis Condition and Hypothesis Negation and Partial Negation Social Status and Roles

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Every N1 emotion and sincerity pattern

What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.

N / V-る + に堪えないCannot bear; unbearable; worth doing (in the negative sense)

Has two main uses: 1) Expressing a strong emotion (gratitude, regret) that is so deep it cannot be suppressed. 2) Indicating that something is too terrible to look at or listen to (unbearable).

Common mistakes

Confusing with ～にたえる, which means 'is worth doing' or 'can handle'
Confusing with ～に足りない (not worth/sufficient)
Using in casual conversation; it is strictly for formal speeches or writing

Full N / V-る + に堪えない guide

N + を禁じ得ないCannot help but feel; cannot suppress

Used when a specific emotion (anger, sympathy, surprise, tears) arises naturally and strongly in response to a situation. It is a formal, written expression.

Common mistakes

Using the passive form ～を禁じられない incorrectly
Using with actions instead of nouns representing emotions
Confusing with ～を禁じている (forbidden)

Full N + を禁じ得ない guide

V-て + はばからないUnhesitatingly; have the audacity to

Indicates that someone does or says something bold, shocking, or controversial without any hesitation or fear of criticism. Often implies the person is shameless or has extreme confidence.

Common mistakes

Misinterpreting the negative ending as 'hesitate' (double negative logic)
Using with polite or common daily actions
Confusing with ～てはならない (must not)

Full V-て + はばからない guide

V-て + やまないAlways; sincerely

Common mistakes

Confusing with ～てならない (cannot help but), which describes a physical or spontaneous feeling rather than a continuous willed emotion
Using with short-term or trivial actions
Incorrectly using with non-emotional verbs

Full V-て + やまない guide

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N1 Grammar: Emotion and Sincerity

Emotion and Sincerity

Every N1 emotion and sincerity pattern

N / V-る + に堪えないCannot bear; unbearable; worth doing (in the negative sense)

N + を禁じ得ないCannot help but feel; cannot suppress

V-て + はばからないUnhesitatingly; have the audacity to

V-て + やまないAlways; sincerely

Other N1 Grammar Categories

Practice N1 grammar

N1 Grammar: Emotion and Sincerity

Emotion and Sincerity

Every N1 emotion and sincerity pattern

N / V-る + に堪えないCannot bear; unbearable; worth doing (in the negative sense)

N + を禁じ得ないCannot help but feel; cannot suppress

V-て + はばからないUnhesitatingly; have the audacity to

V-て + やまないAlways; sincerely

Other N1 Grammar Categories

Practice N1 grammar