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Expressing causes, reasons, and attributing results to factors
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Indicates that an extreme degree of a state or emotion has led to an unusual or often negative result. It connects via 'no' for nouns and 'na' for Na-adjectives.
Common mistakes
Used when a decision, duty, or strong determination follows a known fact or situation. It is often followed by expressions of intent, command, or advice.
Common mistakes
Indicates the basis for a judgment, the reason for a name, or the source of a discovery. It is an objective and formal expression.
Common mistakes
A very casual and often emotive way to state a reason or excuse, frequently used in speech by children or in close relationships. It often follows 'datte' (but/because).
Common mistakes
Expresses a positive result caused by someone or something. It can be used with verbs, adjectives, and nouns (using the particle 'no').
Common mistakes
Expresses a negative result or places blame on a specific cause. It follows the same formation rules as 'okagede' but is strictly for undesirable outcomes.
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on these 6 grammar patterns and track which ones you need to review most.