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Connecting clauses with reasons, contrast, and embedded questions
What each pattern means, when to use it, and the mistakes that cost marks in the exam.
Used to embed a yes/no question into a larger sentence. It usually follows a plain form verb, adjective, or noun (without 'da').
Common mistakes
Provides an explanation, seeks clarification, or adds emphasis to a statement. It makes the sentence sound more personal or explanatory than a simple statement.
Common mistakes
Used to express a cause or reason in a polite, objective, and slightly more formal way than 'kara'. It is often used for social excuses or when stating facts.
Common mistakes
Expresses a contradiction between what is expected and what actually happened, often with a nuance of surprise, disappointment, or complaint.
Common mistakes
Used to list multiple reasons for a conclusion or to describe multiple characteristics of a person or thing, implying there might be even more.
Common mistakes
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on these 5 grammar patterns and track which ones you need to review most.