Why do JLPT N1 learners confuse 並びに with お目出度う?

Both words occupy adjacent semantic territory, which is exactly why the JLPT uses them as distractors for each other on multiple-choice items. The fastest way to stop confusing them is to study them as a pair, write a one-sentence contrast in your own words, and drill the pair specifically rather than each word in isolation.

Is 並びに or お目出度う more common on JLPT N1?

Both appear in the JLPT N1 curriculum and either may show up on a given exam. Don't try to predict which one the test will choose — learn to distinguish them and you'll be safe regardless. Both belong to the General Expressions (1) theme of N1 vocabulary.

How do I practice this confusion pair?

Free option: visit /try and pick a confusion drill. Paid option: none — JLPT Mastery is free during launch. Whichever route you take, the engine specifically re-tests pairs you've gotten wrong rather than rotating through general vocabulary review.

JLPT N1 · Advanced · Meaning confusion

並びに vs お目出度う

Q: What's the difference between 並びに and お目出度う?

並びに (ならびに) means "and" and お目出度う (おめでとう) means "(ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!; an auspicious occasion!". Both are formal expressions in polite speech. 並びに (and) is a conjunction for formal lists, while お目出度う (congratulations) is a formal greeting; learners may confuse their roles in high-register social writing.

Why JLPT N1 learners mix up 並びに (ならびに, “and”) and お目出度う (おめでとう, “(ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!; an auspicious occasion!”).

並びに

ならびに

and

expression

お目出度う

おめでとう

(ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!; an auspicious occasion!

expression

Theme: General Expressions (1)JLPT N1

Why these get confused

Both are formal expressions in polite speech. 並びに (and) is a conjunction for formal lists, while お目出度う (congratulations) is a formal greeting; learners may confuse their roles in high-register social writing.

How to tell them apart

Anchor on the meaning, not the form. 並びに (and) and お目出度う ((ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!; an auspicious occasion!) live in adjacent semantic territory. Memorize the boundary, not just each word.
Read the example sentences below. Seeing each word in its natural context builds a faster lookup than studying the dictionary form alone.

In a sentence

並びに (and)

２列に並びなさい。
列に並びたくなかったの。

お目出度う ((ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!; an auspicious occasion!)

おめでとう！
優勝おめでとう。

How JLPT tests this pair

On JLPT N1, this pair shows up as a vocabulary meaning question. You see one word and pick its English equivalent from four options — one of which will be the other word in this pair, chosen as a distractor precisely because of the overlap.

Sample item

「並びに」の意味は？