JLPT N3 Grammar
· Intermediate
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· Intermediate
expected to/should be
Category: Expectation and Judgment
The grammar pattern "V(plain) / い-adj / な-adj な / N の + はずだ" expresses a strong expectation or logical conclusion based on facts or evidence. It implies that something is likely to happen or is expected to be the case due to a given situation or circumstances. The pattern is often used to convey a sense of inevitability or certainty.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Plain form of a verb | V(plain) + の + はずだ | 食べる + の + はずだ → 食べるはずだ (It is likely that he will eat.) |
| Plain form of an い-adjective | い-adj + な + の + はずだ | 難しい + な + の + はずだ → 難しいはずだ (It is likely that it will be difficult.) |
| Plain form of a な-adjective | な-adj + な + の + はずだ | 大きい + な + の + はずだ → 大きいはずだ (It is likely that it will be big.) |
| Noun | N + の + はずだ | 大学 + の + はずだ → 大学はずだ (It is likely that he will go to university.) |
彼は10年も日本に住んでいるから、日本語が食べるはずだ。
Kare wa 10-nen mo Nihon ni sunde iru kara, Nihongo ga taberu hazu da.
He is likely to be able to speak Japanese because he has lived in Japan for 10 years.
彼は (He is) + 10年も (for 10 years) + 日本に (in Japan) + 住んでいる (has been living) + から (because) + 日本語が (Japanese language) + 食べる (to eat) + はずだ (is likely to)
先週予約しておいたから、今日は映画を見るはずですよ。
Saki gatsu yoyaku shite oita kara, kyō wa eiga o miru hazu desu yo.
Since we reserved it last week, it is likely that we will watch a movie today.
先週 (last week) + 予約して (reserved) + おいた (did) + から (because) + 今日は (today) + 映画 (movie) + 見る (to watch) + はずだ (is likely to)
田中さんは昨日遅くまで仕事をしていたから、今は疲れているはずだ。
Tanaka-san wa kinō osoku made shigoto o shite ita kara, ima wa tsukimete iru hazu da.
Since Tanaka-san worked late yesterday, it is likely that he is tired now.
田中さん (Tanaka-san) + は (is) + 昨日 (yesterday) + 遅く (late) + まで (until) + 働き (worked) + ていた (had) + から (because) + 今は (now) + 疲れている (is tired) + はずだ (is likely to)
This pattern is used to express a strong expectation or logical conclusion based on facts or evidence. It is often used in formal writing and speech. Be careful not to confuse it with "beki da," which is used to express moral obligation.
This pattern is used to express a logical conclusion based on facts or evidence, not one's own intentions.
な-adjectives require the particle "な" to form the な-adj + な + の + はずだ pattern.
While both patterns express a sense of expectation, "beki da" is used to express moral obligation, whereas this pattern is used to express a logical conclusion based on facts or evidence.
Pay attention to the context and the particles used in the sentence. Make sure to identify the correct pattern and use it correctly.
彼は10年も日本に住んでいるから、日本語が______はずだ。
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