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to show signs of (third person emotion)
Definition
The grammar pattern 'Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる' is used to describe the observable behavior of someone else's emotions. It is essential when talking about a third person's emotions in Japanese. For example, if someone is acting shy or nervous, you can say '彼は暗い場所を嫌がるので、夜の外出は嫌がります。' (He dislikes going out at night because he is shy in dark places). This pattern is used to show signs of a third person's emotions, such as 'kowai' (scary) or 'hoshii' (desirable).
Structure
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ガる (garu) form | Adj-i stem + がる | 暗い (kurai) + がる = 嫌がる (kowagaru) |
| ガる (garu) form | Adj-na stem + がる | 新しい (atashi) + がる = 嫌がる (hoshigaru) |
| ガる (garu) form | Adj-i stem + がる (with negative particle ないで) | 恥ずかしい (hazukashii) + ないで = 恥ずかしがらないで (hazukashigaranai de) |
Examples
妹は暗い場所を嫌がるので、夜の外出は嫌がります。
Imouto wa kurai basho o kowagaru node, yoru no gaijou wa kowagari masu.
My sister dislikes going out at night because she is shy in dark places.
妹は (imouto wa) = My sister, 暗い場所を (kurai basho o) = in dark places, 嫌がる (kowagaru) = dislikes, ので (node) = because, 夜の外出は (yoru no gaijou wa) = going out at night, 嫌がります (kowagari masu) = dislikes
子供が新しいおもちゃを嫌がっています。
Kodomo ga atashi omocha o hoshigatte imasu.
The child dislikes new toys.
子供が (kodomo ga) = The child, 新しいおもちゃを (atashi omocha o) = new toys, 嫌がって (hoshigatte) = dislikes, います (imasu) = is
恥ずかしがらないで、みんなの前で話してください。
Hazukashigaranai de, minna no mae de hanashi te kudasai.
Please don't be shy and talk in front of everyone.
恥ずかしがらないで (hazukashigaranai de) = don't be shy, みんなの前で (minna no mae de) = in front of everyone, 話してください (hanashi te kudasai) = please talk
Context
This pattern is used to describe the observable behavior of someone else's emotions. It is essential when talking about a third person's emotions in Japanese. The pattern can be used in formal and informal situations. It is often used in combination with other grammar patterns, such as the 'て-form' to describe the action of showing emotions.
Watch out
The pattern 'Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる' is used to describe the observable behavior of someone else's emotions. Using it for the speaker's own feelings can be confusing and incorrect.
The pattern 'Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる' requires the 'ガる (garu) form' when the subject is not 'I'. Forgetting to use it can lead to incorrect sentences.
The pattern 'Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる' requires the correct particle change depending on the context. Confusing the particle change can lead to incorrect sentences.
Strategy
When using the pattern 'Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる' in the JLPT exam, make sure to use the correct form and particle change. Pay attention to the context and the subject of the sentence. Practice using the pattern in different situations to improve your skills.
In context
Worked examples drawn from JLPT N3 test-style questions. Each sentence shows Adj-i stem + がる / Adj-na stem + がる used correctly, with a brief note on what the pattern is doing.
妹は暗い場所を怖がるので、夜の外出は嫌がります。
Pattern used: 怖がる
Garu is used to describe the observable behavior of a third person (the younger sister).
子供が新しいおもちゃを欲しがっています。
Pattern used: 欲しがって
Hoshigaru is used for the third person subject, and it takes the 'wo' particle.
恥ずかしがらないで、みんなの前で話してください。
Pattern used: がら
Hazukashigaru describes the outward sign of being shy.
Interactive
妹は暗い場所を______ので、夜の外出は嫌がります。
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on this grammar pattern and track your progress toward mastery.