JLPT N3 Grammar
· Intermediate
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· Intermediate
to start/burst out
Category: Compound Verbs and Completion
The grammar pattern "V-stem + 出す" is used to express a sudden or outward beginning of an action. It often describes spontaneous events such as bursting into tears or starting to rain. This pattern emphasizes the suddenness and unexpectedness of the action, setting it apart from other verbs that describe more general or planned actions.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| V-stem | V-stem + 出す | 泣き-出す (burst into tears) |
| V-stem | V-stem + 出す (with emphasis on the action starting from a specific point) | 雨が降り-出す (start raining) |
| V-stem | V-stem + 出す (with emphasis on the action being sudden or unexpected) | 赤ちゃんが泣き-出す (the baby suddenly bursts into tears) |
空が急に暗くなって、雨が降り出す。
Sora ga kyūni kurakutte, ame ga furidasu.
The sky suddenly darkened, and it started raining.
空が急に暗くなって (the sky suddenly darkened), 雨が降り出す (it started raining)
赤ちゃんが急に泣き出して、母親は驚いた。
Aka-chan ga kyūni naki dasu, haha wa odorokatta.
The baby suddenly burst into tears, and the mother was surprised.
赤ちゃんが急に泣き (the baby suddenly burst into tears), 出して (and suddenly)
彼は急に怒り出して、会社を辞めた。
Kare wa kyūni ikari dasu, kaisha o yameta.
He suddenly burst into anger and quit his job.
彼は急に怒り (he suddenly burst into anger), 出して (and suddenly)
彼女は急に涙出して、泣き出した。
Kanojo wa kyūni namida dasu, naki dasu.
She suddenly burst into tears and started crying.
彼女は急に涙 (she suddenly burst into tears), 出して (and suddenly)
車が急に止まり出して、後ろにいた人たちは驚いた。
Kuruma ga kyūni tomatte dasu, ushiro ni ita hito-tachi wa odorokatta.
The car suddenly stopped, and the people behind were surprised.
車が急に止まり (the car suddenly stopped), 出して (and suddenly)
This pattern is used to describe sudden or unexpected events. It is often used in situations where the action starts from a specific point or is emphasized as being sudden or unexpected. The pattern can be used in any register, but it is more common in informal situations. It can be compared to the pattern "V-stem + する" which describes more general or planned actions.
This pattern emphasizes the suddenness and unexpectedness of the action, so it cannot be used with actions that are not spontaneous or sudden.
While both patterns describe the start of an action, "hajimeru" implies a planned or general start, whereas "V-stem + 出す" emphasizes the suddenness and unexpectedness of the action.
Stative verbs describe states or conditions, and using this pattern with them would imply a sudden or unexpected change, which is not the case.
When using this pattern in the JLPT exam, pay attention to the context and the emphasis on the action. Make sure to use the correct verb form and to emphasize the suddenness or unexpectedness of the action.
空が急に暗くなって、雨が降り______。
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