JLPT N3 Grammar
· Intermediate
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· Intermediate
only/just
Category: Emphasis and Degree
The grammar pattern 【名詞/動詞て形】＋ばかり indicates that something is done exclusively or that there is a lot of something. It often carries a negative nuance of 'nothing but'. This pattern emphasizes that something is the only thing being done or that there is an abundance of something. For example, 'ゲームばかりしています' means 'I'm only playing games' or 'I'm playing games all the time'. The pattern can also be used to express that something is being done excessively, such as '食べてばかりいないで、少しは運動しなさい', which means 'Don't just eat, do some exercise too'.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | 名詞＋ばかり | ゲームばかりしています |
| Verb te-form | 動詞て形＋ばかり | 食べたばかりです |
| Verb ta-form | 動詞た形＋ばかり | 食べたばかりは、もう食べられません |
弟はゲームばかりしています。
Otōto wa gēmu bakari desu yo.
My brother is only playing games.
弟 (my brother) は (is) ゲーム (games) ばかり (only) しています (are doing)
食べてばかりいないで、少しは運動しなさい。
Tabete bakari inai de, sukoshi wa undō shinai yo.
Don't just eat, do some exercise too.
食べて (eat) ばかり (only) いない (aren't) で (but) 少しは (a little) 運動 (exercise) しなさい (do)
雨ばかり降っていると、洗濯物が乾きません。
Ame bakari futte iru to, sentaku mono ga kawaku nai desu.
Since it's raining all the time, the laundry won't dry.
雨 (rain) ばかり (only) 降っ (is falling) ている (is) と (because) 洗濯物 (laundry) が (is) 乾き (won't dry) ません (won't)
The pattern 【名詞/動詞て形】＋ばかり is used to emphasize that something is the only thing being done or that there is an abundance of something. It often carries a negative nuance of 'nothing but'. The pattern can be used in both formal and informal writing and speech. It's similar to the pattern 'V-te dake' (only doing), but 'V-te bakari' emphasizes that something is being done exclusively, while 'V-te dake' emphasizes that something is the only thing being done.
While 'V-te bakari' emphasizes that something is being done exclusively, it often carries a negative nuance. To express positive emphasis, use 'V-te dake' or 'nomi'.
When combining 'V-te bakari' with 'o' or 'ga', use the correct particle placement to avoid confusion.
While both patterns emphasize that something was done exclusively, 'V-ta bakari' is used to express that something was done exclusively in the past, whereas 'V-te bakari' is used to express that something is being done exclusively.
Pay attention to the nuance of the pattern and the context in which it's used. Make sure to use the correct particle placement and formation rules. Practice using the pattern in different sentences to get a feel for its usage.
弟はゲーム______しています。
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