JLPT N5 Grammar
· Beginner
Search pages and navigate
· Beginner
And / etc. (non-exhaustive)
Category: Particles
The grammar pattern "〜や" is used to list nouns non-exhaustively, implying there are more items not mentioned. It often follows "など" (etc.) and suggests 'things like A and B (among others)'. Unlike "と" which lists everything, "や" is used to indicate that there are other items beyond what is mentioned. This pattern is often used to describe a range of possibilities or to provide examples of something.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | Noun1やNoun2など | 本やペンなどがあります |
| Noun | Noun1やNoun2 | 本やペンがあります |
| Noun | Noun1やNoun2など | 日本語や英語などが話せます |
かばんの中に本やペンがあります。
kaban no naka ni hon ya pensu ga arimasu.
There is a book and a pen in the bag.
かばんの中に 本 (in the bag) や (and) ペン (pen) が (exist) あります (there is)
休みの日は、テニスやサッカーなどをします。
yasumi no hi wa, tenisu ya sakkā toshi o shimasu.
On holidays, I play tennis and soccer, etc.
休みの日は (on holidays) テニス (tennis) や (and) サッカー (soccer) など (etc.) を (play) します (do)
日本語や英語や中国語が話せます。
nihongo ya eigo ya chūgokugo ga hanasemasu.
I can speak Japanese, English, and Chinese.
日本語 (Japanese) や (and) 英語 (English) や (and) 中国語 (Chinese) が (can speak) 話せます (can speak)
This pattern is used to list nouns non-exhaustively, often followed by "など" (etc.). It is used to indicate that there are other items beyond what is mentioned. The register is informal.
"や" is only used to connect nouns, while "と" is used to connect verbs or adjectives.
"や" is used to list non-exhaustively, while "と" is used to list everything.
"など" is often used with "や" to indicate that there are other items beyond what is mentioned.
Pay attention to the context and the words used to determine whether "や" or "と" is used. Practice using "や" to list non-exhaustively and "と" to list everything.
かばんの中に本______ペンがあります。
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on this grammar pattern and track your progress toward mastery.