JLPT N2 Grammar
· Upper Intermediate
Search pages and navigate
· Upper Intermediate
After; at the end of (long process)
Category: Time & Sequence
The grammar pattern 'V-た形 / N-の + 末（に）' is used to indicate a result reached after a long period of effort, difficulty, or repeated thought. It can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. This pattern emphasizes the culmination of a process, making it a useful tool for describing the end result of a challenging or time-consuming endeavor. In some cases, the outcome may be positive, such as achieving a goal or overcoming a difficulty. However, it can also be used to describe negative outcomes, like the end of a long and arduous process that ultimately leads to failure or disappointment.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| V-た形 (Ta-form of a verb) | V-た形 + の + 末（に） | 悩んだ + の + 末（に） |
| N-の (Genitive form of a noun) | N-の + 末（に） | 長い戦争の + 末（に） |
| V-た形 (Ta-form of a verb) with a noun | V-た形 + の + N + の + 末（に） | 多くの努力の + 末（に） |
悩んだ + の + 末（に）、会社を辞めることにした。
Nayandono matsu ni, kaisha o yameru koto ni shita.
After struggling with it for so long, I decided to quit my job.
悩んだ (struggled) + の (of) + 末 (end) + に (after)
激しいバトルの + 末（に）、彼がチャンピオンになった。
Gekiishii batoru no matsu ni, kare ga chanpion ni natta.
After a fierce battle, he became the champion.
激しい (fierce) + バトルの (of a battle) + 末 (end) + に (after)
話し合いの + 末（に）、ようやく合意に達した。
Hanashiawasi no matsu ni, yōyaku koi ni tatsu.
After a long discussion, we finally reached an agreement.
話し合いの (of a discussion) + 末 (end) + に (after)
長い研究の + 末（に）、新しい薬が開発された。
Nagai kenkyū no matsu ni, atarashii kusuri ga kaihatsusareta.
After a long period of research, a new medicine was developed.
長い (long) + 研究の (of research) + 末 (end) + に (after)
多くの努力の + 末（に）、彼は成功した。
Oboke no doryoku no matsu ni, kare wa seikō shita.
After a lot of hard work, he succeeded.
多くの (many) + 努力の (of hard work) + 末 (end) + に (after)
This pattern is used to describe a result reached after a long period of effort, difficulty, or repeated thought. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. The pattern is often used in formal writing and speech, and is a useful tool for describing the end result of a challenging or time-consuming endeavor. It is not typically used for short, simple actions, and should not be confused with the pattern 'ageku', which is mostly used for negative results.
This pattern is used to describe a result reached after a long period of effort, difficulty, or repeated thought. Using it for short, simple actions can make the sentence sound unnatural and confusing.
While both patterns can be used to describe negative outcomes, 'ageku' is typically used for more dramatic or unexpected results, whereas this pattern is used to describe a result reached after a long period of effort or difficulty.
The 'no' is an essential part of the pattern, and forgetting it can change the meaning of the sentence.
When using this pattern on the JLPT exam, be sure to read the sentence carefully and understand the context. Pay attention to the verb and noun forms, and make sure to include the 'no' for nouns. This pattern is often used in formal writing and speech, so be prepared to see it in more complex sentences.
悩んだ______、会社を辞めることにした。
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on this grammar pattern and track your progress toward mastery.