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In addition to...
Definition
The grammar pattern "N + に加えて" is used to add a new noun or fact to an existing situation, emphasizing the inclusion of additional elements. It is often used to list multiple factors contributing to a single result. This pattern is a straightforward additive expression, making it easy to understand and use. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential traps and nuances to avoid confusion with similar patterns.
Structure
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | N + に加えて + N | 雨 + に加えて + 風も強まってきた |
| Noun (in a nominalized form) | N + に加えて + N (nominalized) | 人手不足 + に加えて + 原材料の高騰 |
| Adjective or Adverb | Adj/Adv + N + に加えて + N | 日曜日は、仕事の疲れ + に加えて + 寝不足もあって |
Examples
激しい雨に加えて、風も強まってきた。
Futsuu no ame ni kate, kaze mo tsuyoku maita.
In addition to the heavy rain, the wind also got stronger.
激しい雨 (heavy rain), に加えて (in addition to), 風も (the wind also), 強まってきた (got stronger)
人手不足に加えて、原材料の高騰で、経営が苦しい。
Hito-te no bukki ni kate, genzai no takate de, keiei ga kusai.
In addition to the shortage of manpower, the rising cost of raw materials is making it difficult to manage the business.
人手不足 (shortage of manpower), に加えて (in addition to), 原材料の高騰 (rising cost of raw materials), 経営が苦しい (making it difficult to manage the business)
日曜日は、仕事の疲れに加えて寝不足もあって、一日中寝ていた。
Nichiyoubi wa, shigoto no tsukare ni kate, nebu no tsukare mo atte, ichinichi-chuu ne ita.
On Sunday, I was so tired from work that I also couldn't sleep well, and I slept all day.
仕事の疲れ (tired from work), に加えて (in addition to), 寝不足 (couldn't sleep well), 一日中 (all day)
Context
This pattern is used to add a new noun or fact to an existing situation, emphasizing the inclusion of additional elements. It is often used in formal or written Japanese. Be careful not to confuse it with similar patterns like "に従って" (in accordance with) or "に反して" (contrary to).
Watch out
Both patterns are used to add something to an existing situation, but 'に従って' implies a sense of following or conforming, whereas 'に加えて' emphasizes the inclusion of additional elements.
When using 'に加えて' with a full sentence, it's essential to nominalize the sentence to connect it correctly.
Both patterns are used to add something to an existing situation, but 'に反して' implies a sense of contrast or opposition, whereas 'に加えて' emphasizes the inclusion of additional elements.
Strategy
When using 'に加えて' in the JLPT exam, make sure to emphasize the inclusion of additional elements. Pay attention to the context and the relationships between the elements being added. Be careful not to confuse it with similar patterns like 'に従って' or 'に反して'.
In context
Worked examples drawn from JLPT N2 test-style questions. Each sentence shows N + に加えて used correctly, with a brief note on what the pattern is doing.
激しい雨に加えて、風も強まってきた。
Pattern used: に加えて
に加えて is used to add the factor of wind to the already existing factor of heavy rain.
人手不足に加えて原材料の高騰で、経営が苦しい。
Pattern used: に加えて
に加えて correctly lists multiple negative factors affecting the business management.
日曜日は、仕事の疲れに加えて寝不足もあって、一日中寝ていた。
Pattern used: に加えて
に加えて emphasizes the accumulation of exhaustion and lack of sleep.
Interactive
激しい雨______、風も強まってきた。
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on this grammar pattern and track your progress toward mastery.