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Regardless of
Definition
The grammar pattern "N / V（辞書形・ない形）＋ にかかわらず" is used to indicate that something happens regardless of external circumstances, choices, or facts. It often follows nouns with opposing meanings or V-dictionary + V-nai forms. This pattern emphasizes the importance of a particular aspect or action, regardless of other factors. For example, "雨が降る______、試合は決行される." translates to "Regardless of the rain, the game will be held." The nuance of this pattern is to convey a sense of inevitability or certainty, despite external conditions.
Structure
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| V-dictionary (base form) + にかかわらず | V-dictionary + にかかわらず | 雨が降る + にかかわらず |
| V-nai (negative form) + にかかわらず | V-nai + にかかわらず | 行くない + にかかわらず |
| Noun (with opposing meanings) + にかかわらず | Noun + にかかわらず | 好きな + にかかわらず |
Examples
雨が降る______、試合は決行される。
Ame ga futte iru______, shiai wa ketsugi sareru.
Regardless of the rain, the game will be held.
雨が降る (rain is falling) + にかかわらず (regardless of) + 試合は決行される (the game will be held)
行く行かない______、必ず返事をください。
Iku ikunai______, kanarazu kaetari o kudasai.
Regardless of whether you come or not, please return the answer.
行く行かない (come or not come) + にかかわらず (regardless of) + 必ず返事をください (please return the answer)
学歴______、実力のある人が評価されるべきだ。
Gakureki______, jitsuryoku no aru hito ga hyoka sareru beki da.
Regardless of academic background, people with ability should be evaluated.
学歴 (academic background) + にかかわらず (regardless of) + 実力のある人が評価されるべきだ (people with ability should be evaluated)
Context
This pattern is used to emphasize the importance of a particular aspect or action, regardless of other factors. It is often used in situations where the outcome is inevitable or certain, despite external conditions. The pattern can be used with V-dictionary, V-nai, or nouns with opposing meanings.
Watch out
The pattern requires the use of 'に' to indicate the relationship between the subject and the circumstance.
'を問わず' is a different pattern that is used to indicate a range of possibilities, whereas 'にかかわらず' emphasizes the inevitability of a particular outcome.
'関わらず' is a different pattern that is used to indicate a range of possibilities, whereas 'にかかわらず' emphasizes the inevitability of a particular outcome.
Strategy
Pay attention to the context and the relationship between the subject and the circumstance. Make sure to use the correct form of the verb or noun, and pay attention to the nuance of the pattern.
In context
Worked examples drawn from JLPT N2 test-style questions. Each sentence shows N / V（辞書形・ない形）＋ にかかわらず used correctly, with a brief note on what the pattern is doing.
雨が降るにかかわらず、試合は決行される。
Pattern used: にかかわらず
'にかかわらず' is used for situations like weather where the outcome is independent of the condition.
行く行かないにかかわらず、必ず返事をください。
Pattern used: にかかわらず
V-dictionary + V-nai + にかかわらず means 'regardless of whether you X or not'.
学歴にかかわらず、実力のある人が評価されるべきだ。
Pattern used: にかかわらず
Indicates that the factor (academic background) does not influence the result.
Interactive
雨が降る______、試合は決行される。
Adaptive practice
Our adaptive engine will quiz you on this grammar pattern and track your progress toward mastery.