JLPT N2 Grammar
· Upper Intermediate
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· Upper Intermediate
Instead of; in exchange for
Category: Contrast & Opposition
The grammar pattern "V-dict / A-i / A-na (na) / N (no) + かわりに" is used to indicate substituting one thing for another or doing something in return for something else. It can be used with verbs, adjectives, or nouns, and the choice of particle depends on the grammatical category of the preceding word. This pattern is often used in contrast and opposition contexts, highlighting the exchange or substitution of one thing for another. The nuance of this pattern can vary depending on the context, but it generally implies a reciprocal or substitutive relationship between the two elements.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 動詞の辞書形 (Verb dictionary form) | V + かわりに | 私は彼に車を買うかわりに、自転車をあげた。 |
| 形容詞のイ形 (Na-adjective i-form) | A-i + かわりに | この部屋は冷たいかわりに、広いです。 |
| 形容詞のナ形 (Na-adjective na-form) | A-na + かわりに | この料理は辛いかわりに、美味しいです。 |
| 名詞の無接尾形 (Noun no-form) | N + の + かわりに | このアパートは駅から遠くて不便なかわりに、家賃が安いです。 |
最近はパソコンを使うかわりに、タブレットで仕事をする人が増えた。
Saikin wa pasokon o tsukau kawari ni, taburetto de shigoto o suru hito ga maseta.
Recently, people have started using tablets instead of computers for work.
最近は (recently), パソコンを使う (use computers), かわりに (instead of), タブレットで (with tablets), 仕事をする (work), 人が (people), 増えた (increased)
日本語を教えてもらうかわりに、英語を教えてあげることにした。
Nihongo o oshiete morau kawari ni, eigo o oshiete ageru koto ni shita.
I decided to teach English instead of Japanese.
日本語を (Japanese), 教えてもらう (teach), かわりに (instead of), 英語を (English), 教えて (teach), あげる (give)
このアパートは駅から遠くて不便なかわりに、家賃が安いです。
Kono apāto wa eki kara tōku te fuben na kawari ni, kaichin ga yasui desu.
This apartment is far from the station and inconvenient, but the rent is cheap.
この (this), アパート (apartment), は (is), 駅から (from the station), 遠くて (far), 不便な (inconvenient), かわりに (instead of), 家賃が (rent), 安い (cheap)
This pattern is used to indicate substitution or exchange, and it can be used in a variety of contexts, such as contrast and opposition. It is often used with verbs, adjectives, or nouns, and the choice of particle depends on the grammatical category of the preceding word. The nuance of this pattern can vary depending on the context, but it generally implies a reciprocal or substitutive relationship between the two elements.
Using "代わりに" instead of "かわりに" is incorrect because "代わりに" is used to indicate substitution or exchange, but it can also imply a sense of replacement or substitution of one thing for another, whereas "かわりに" implies a more reciprocal or substitutive relationship.
Using "高い" instead of "安い" is incorrect because the sentence implies that the rent is cheap instead of expensive.
Using "かわりに" instead of "ので" is incorrect because "ので" is used to indicate a reason or cause, whereas "かわりに" implies a more reciprocal or substitutive relationship.
When using this pattern in the JLPT exam, pay attention to the context and the grammatical category of the preceding word. Make sure to choose the correct particle (e.g., "かわりに" or "ので") and verb form (e.g., dictionary form or i-form). Also, be aware of the nuance of the pattern and the implied relationship between the two elements.
最近はパソコンを使う______、タブレットで仕事をする人が増えた。
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