JLPT N2 Grammar
· Upper Intermediate
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· Upper Intermediate
Not only... but also (even)...
Category: Addition & Inclusion
The grammar pattern "V・A・N (普通形) + ばかりか / Naな・である + ばかりか / Nである + ばかりか" is used to emphasize that a situation is even more extreme or broader than expected. It suggests that the second fact adds significant weight to the first, often highlighting a surprising or negative progression. This pattern is more emphatic than "だけでなく" and is used to convey a sense of surprise or shock.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Verb in the plain form | V + ばかりか | 食べる + ばかりか |
| Na-adjective in the plain form | Naな + である + ばかりか | 大きい + である + ばかりか |
| Noun in the plain form | N + である + ばかりか | 学生 + である + ばかりか |
彼は、遅刻をしたばかりか、謝りもしなかった。
Kare wa, chikoku o shita bakari ka, ayamaru mo shinakatta.
Not only did he arrive late, but he didn't even apologize.
彼は (he) + 遅刻をした (arrived late) + ばかりか (not only) +謝りもしなかった (didn't even apologize)
その映画は日本だけでなく、世界中でヒットを記録した。
Sono eiga wa Nihon dakedo, sekai-chū de hitto o kiroku shita.
Not only did the movie hit in Japan, but it also hit worldwide.
その映画は (the movie) + 日本だけでなく (not only in Japan) +世界中で (but also worldwide) +ヒットを記録した (hit)
この薬は効果がないばかりか、副作用まで出る恐れがある。
Kono kusuri wa kōka ga nai bakari ka, fukusayō mo deru osore ga aru.
Not only is this medicine ineffective, but it also has the risk of side effects.
この薬は (this medicine) + 効果がない (ineffective) + ばかりか (not only) +副作用まで出る恐れがある (but also has the risk of side effects)
彼女は、勉強をしたばかりか、就職もしなかった。
Kanojo wa, benkyō o shita bakari ka, shūshoku mo shinakatta.
Not only did she study hard, but she also failed to find a job.
彼女は (she) + 勉強をした (studied hard) + ばかりか (not only) +就職もしなかった (but also failed to find a job)
This pattern is used to emphasize that a situation is even more extreme or broader than expected. It is more emphatic than "だけでなく" and is used to convey a sense of surprise or shock. The level of intensity between the first and second clause should be consistent. This pattern is often used in writing and formal speech.
This pattern is used to emphasize the unexpectedness of a situation, while "だけでなく" is used for simple additions.
The level of intensity between the first and second clause should be consistent to convey the intended meaning.
While both patterns use "ばかりか", "ばかりに" indicates a negative cause, whereas this pattern emphasizes the unexpectedness of a situation.
Pay attention to the level of intensity between the first and second clause. Ensure that the pattern is used to emphasize the unexpectedness of a situation. Be careful not to confuse this pattern with "ばかりに" which indicates a negative cause.
彼は、遅刻をした______、謝りもしなかった。
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