JLPT N1 Grammar
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Be forced to
Category: Determination and Choice
The grammar pattern 'N + を余儀なくされる' is used to indicate that someone or something is forced to take a certain action or enter a state due to external circumstances. This pattern emphasizes the lack of choice or freedom in the situation. It is often used to describe situations where the subject has no control over the outcome, such as being forced to retire due to an injury or being compelled to close a business due to economic downturn. The nuance of this pattern lies in its ability to convey a sense of inevitability and powerlessness.
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Passive form of the verb (sareru) | N + を余儀なくされる | 彼は選手生活の引退を余儀なくされる |
| Adverbial phrase 'yōgi naku' | N + を yōgi naku | 彼は選手生活の引退を yōgi naku |
| Passive form of the verb (sareru) with 'wo' | N + を wo 余儀なくされる | 彼は選手生活の引退を wo 余儀なくされる |
怪我の悪化により、彼は選手生活の引退を余儀なくされる。
Ayatsuri no akubara ni yori, kare wa senshu seikatsu no inryū o yōgi naku sareru.
He is forced to retire from his athlete life due to the worsening of his injury.
Ayatsuri no akubara ni yori (due to the worsening of his injury) + kare wa (he) + senshu seikatsu no inryū o (his athlete life retirement) + yōgi naku sareru (is forced to)
不況の煽りを受けて、多くの工場が閉鎖を余儀なくされる。
Fukō no sōri o ukete, ōkunaru kōjō ga teishi o yōgi naku sareru.
Many factories are forced to close due to the economic downturn.
Fukō no sōri o ukete (due to the economic downturn) + ōkunaru kōjō ga (many factories) + teishi o (closure) + yōgi naku sareru (are forced to)
政府の強硬な姿勢が、野党に妥協を余儀なくされる。
Seifu no kyōkōna shiseite ga, yadō ni tōkyō o yōgi naku sareru.
The government's tough stance forces the opposition to compromise.
Seifu no kyōkōna shiseite ga (the government's tough stance) + yadō ni (to the opposition) + tōkyō o (compromise) + yōgi naku sareru (forces to)
This pattern is used to describe situations where someone or something is forced to take a certain action or enter a state due to external circumstances. It is often used in formal or written language to convey a sense of inevitability and powerlessness. In comparison to other patterns, 'N + を余儀なくされる' is more formal and emphasizes the lack of choice or freedom in the situation.
The active 'saseru' implies that someone or something is causing the action, whereas the passive 'sareru' implies that the action is being forced upon the subject.
The particle 'wo' is used to indicate the object of the action, whereas 'ni' is used to indicate the location or direction. 'Yōgi naku' functions as an adverbial phrase to indicate the lack of choice or freedom in the situation.
While both patterns can be used to indicate difficulties or challenges, 'shikata naku' is more suitable for small inconveniences, whereas 'N + を余儀なくされる' is more suitable for more significant or unavoidable situations.
When using this pattern in the JLPT exam, pay attention to the context and the nuance of the situation. Make sure to use the passive 'sareru' instead of the active 'saseru', and use the correct particle 'wo' instead of 'ni'. Also, be aware of the difference between 'shikata naku' and 'N + を余儀なくされる', and use the correct pattern to convey the intended meaning.
怪我の悪化により、彼は選手生活の引退______。
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